How amphotericin extracts sterols: role of dynamic structural ensembles
Taras Pogorelov, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Taras Pogorelov, Kevin Cheng, Ashley DelioAmphotericin B (AmB) is a highly effective and resistance-evasive antifungal drug which is also toxic to humans. As a result, it is used as a last resort treatment for systemic fungal infections, but the mortality rate for these infections remains near 50%. We have shown that AmB builds a large extramembranous sponge that extracts sterols from the cell membrane. This is in sharp contrast to the long prevailing hypothesis that AmB kills by forming small ion channels. We performed extensive collaborative studies using NMR spectroscopy, advanced synthesis, and computational approaches to build our first model of an AmB sponge. Here we propose to study the interactions of AmB with sterol containing membranes. Through the use of enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) techniques, which require the petascale power of the Blue Waters, we aim to capture AmB-sterol interactions that can reveal mechanistic details about how the extramembranous AmB sponge extracts sterols from membranes. These characterizations, when compared to experimental data, can reveal new pathways for AmB-derivative drugs that target ergosterol over cholesterol.